The benefits/risks balance of the treatments was classified as positive, promising, negative, and unknown. These were evaluated according to a modified PrOACT-URL method with paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine as reference drugs. The target population were adults with early and mild flu symptoms without underlying conditions. Preclinical and clinical data on their efficacy and safety were collected from authoritative sources. Method: The plant selection was primarily based on species listed by the WHO and EMA, but some other herbal remedies were considered due to their widespread use in respiratory conditions. It is expected that many patients will add other symptomatic/adjuvant treatments, such as herbal medicines.Īims: To provide a benefits/risks assessment of selected herbal medicines traditionally indicated for “respiratory diseases” within the current frame of the COVID-19 pandemic as an adjuvant treatment. 7Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University College of London, London, United Kingdomīackground: Current recommendations for the self-management of SARS-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19) include self-isolation, rest, hydration, and the use of NSAID in case of high fever only.6Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
4Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research, Caracas, Venezuela.3School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.2School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.Dâmaris Silveira 1*†, Jose Maria Prieto-Garcia 2*†, Fabio Boylan 3, Omar Estrada 4, Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo 1, Claudia Masrouah Jamal 5, Pérola Oliveira Magalhães 1, Edson Oliveira Pereira 1, Michal Tomczyk 6 and Michael Heinrich 7*†